Hair Loss in Women and After Pregnancy: Causes and Help

Why does hair fall out after childbirth?

During pregnancy, certain hormones rise and keep many hairs in the growth phase longer than usual, which is why many pregnant women find their hair thicker. After delivery these hormones drop suddenly, so these hairs enter the resting phase together and then shed a few weeks later.

Shedding shows up as noticeable amounts in the brush, on the pillow and in the shower drain, and hair may thin at the temples and hairline. It is upsetting, but it does not mean baldness: the follicles are healthy and start producing new hair, sometimes seen as short hairs along the hairline.

What other causes of hair loss are common in women?

If the shedding is not linked to childbirth, or lasts longer than expected, there may be another cause. Common ones include:

• Low iron stores: common in women because of periods, pregnancy and breastfeeding, and can cause shedding even before anaemia appears.
• Thyroid disorders: either an overactive or underactive thyroid; temporary thyroid inflammation can also occur after childbirth.
• Female pattern hair loss: gradual thinning on the top of the head with a widening parting, usually without completely bald areas.
• Polycystic ovary syndrome: may come with hair thinning along with acne, excess facial hair and irregular periods.
• Crash diets and low protein intake, a serious illness, or major stress.
• Constant pulling on the hair: such as a tight bun under the hijab, or heavy braids and extensions, which gradually push back the front hairline.

Which tests might you need?

The doctor starts by asking when the shedding began and whether it relates to childbirth, illness or dieting, and about your periods and medicines, then examines your scalp and hair density, possibly with a dermatoscope.

Depending on the case, tests may include a blood count, iron stores (ferritin), thyroid function and vitamin D, plus hormone tests if there are signs of polycystic ovaries. Taking large amounts of iron or other supplements without testing is not advised, because too much can be harmful.

What is the right treatment for each cause?

For postpartum shedding, the mainstay is reassurance and patience, with a balanced diet rich in protein and iron, and continuing the postnatal vitamins your doctor prescribes while breastfeeding.

If iron deficiency or a thyroid problem is found, treating the cause gradually stops the shedding. For female pattern hair loss, the doctor may prescribe minoxidil or other prescription treatments, and may suggest supportive sessions such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections. Most hair medicines are not used during pregnancy and breastfeeding without a doctor's advice, so always tell your doctor if you are breastfeeding or planning a pregnancy.

How should you care for your hair while it is shedding?

Gentle care does not stop temporary shedding, but it reduces breakage and improves how your hair looks until it recovers:

• Use a gentle shampoo, conditioner on the ends and a wide-tooth comb.
• Avoid tight ponytails or a tight bun under the hijab; choose soft hair ties.
• Limit high heat from dryers and straighteners, and dyes and chemical treatments during this time.
• Dry your hair well before covering it, especially in the heat and when sweating.
• A shorter haircut can make hair look fuller for now.